Thermodynamic Equilibrium of Massless Fermions with Vorticity, Chirality and Electromagnetic Field

Weyl fermions: Massless yet real.

863 news & views and patterning, opens up a wide range of new applications for hot-electron-driven chemistry. The LEE source might also prove a critical tool for obtaining a deeper nanoscale understanding of radiation chemistry and biology, and material degradation by high-energy radiation in general. The quantum description of spin-1/2 particles is given by the solutions of the Dirac equation....

Optimizing Chirality and Scaling of Lattice Fermions

If we construct a lattice fermion formulation, there are a number of goals to be considered: doubling should be avoided; even at finite lattice spacing a, we want to represent chiral symmetry in a sound way; and we are seeking a good scaling behavior. Conceptually we have to require locality (the lattice Dirac operator D(x, y, U) has to decay at least exponentially in |x−y| ). In addition, for ...

Coulomb drag between massless and massive fermions

We theoretically investigate the frictional drag induced by the Coulomb interaction between spatially separated massless and massive fermions in the Boltzmann regime and at low temperatures. As a model system, we use a double-layer structure composed of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and an n-doped graphene layer. We analyze this system numerically and also present analytical formulas fo...

Hot Bang States of Massless Fermions

The Hot Bang state of massless fermions

In 2002, a method has been proposed by Buchholz et al. in the context of Local Quantum Physics, to characterize states that are locally in thermodynamic equilibrium. It could be shown for the model of massless bosons that these states exhibit quite interesting properties. The mean phase-space density satisfies a transport equation, and many of these states break time reversal symmetry. Moreover...